China's influence operations in the Western Balkans employ sharp power tools blending surveillance technology, defense transfers, and media manipulation to sway the region toward Beijing. On 5 November 2025, Small Wars Journal reported that, unlike...

Russian propaganda operations are systematically stealing journalist bylines and impersonating legitimate news outlets to spread disinformation about Ukraine and the West. On 4 November 2025, Euronews reported that pro-Russian actors including the Storm-1516 propaganda group...

The RT propaganda network has survived Western bans by transforming into what editor-in-chief Margarita Simonyan calls an information guerrilla using mirror sites and alternative platforms. On 5 November 2025, UNITED24 Media reported that despite bans...