Defining influence operations is inherently challenging due to their varied forms and strategies, and no single definition fully encapsulates their complexity. At GIOR, we define influence operations as organized efforts by state or transnational actors to covertly manipulate public opinion or influence public policy, specifically targeting democratic nations. These operations are characterized by their non-transparency, often involving tactics such as disinformation, covert funding, or proxy organizations to obscure their true origins and intentions. Their goal is typically to exploit the openness of democratic societies to undermine their stability, polarize public discourse, or advance the strategic interests of the influencing entity, making them a significant threat to democratic principles.